Over the last decade astronomical observations with interferometers have come of age producing a number of very interesting scientific results notably with the VLTI. As envisioned in 1983 (P. Léna, ESO Conf Proc 17, 129-140, 1983), Michelson/Fizeau amplitude interferometry prevailed over intensity and heterodyne interferometry and provided the majority of scientific results. Intensity interferometry suffers from the lack of phase information and a low sensitivity, and heterodyne interfermetry combines a modest sensitivity with a limitation to basically the N-band.
Here, we present a concept for the enhancement of heterodyne interferometry taking advantage of the frequency comb recently decorated with the Nobel Prize. The frequency comb, locked to a suitable atomic transition, allows stabilizing lasers to typically surpassing the presently best such systems based on Cesium fountains. This in turn will allow to stabilize the local oscillators in astronomical heterodyne receivers absolutely to a few times
Hz. Two identical such systems in different observatories will have a mutual phase drift of less than 5 degree per minute. Thus, independent frequency combs at different observatories can be used to stabilize CO
-lasers as local oscillators to port the idea of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) from the radio/submm domain into the infrared regime. This could be the enabling technology for baselines beyond several 100 m up to many 100 km when a physical link between the telescope is close to impossible.